Movie Analysis Kill A Mockingbird - 1571 Words

If a book is retold in film format then it seems to follow logically that it now deviates from the original book, yet the same story is still being told and with To Kill a Mockingbird we see that through scene additions (or subtractions), details, and technique the film manages to preserve core points of the story for the audience. Translating the elements of the book that are solely for literature can prove tricky for screenwriters and though some manage to pull it off artistic liberty is a danger to still be wary of. At times it is used too freely and the story turns into another one entirely, but sometimes it isn’t used enough and no matter how close the movie follows the book it lacks the adaptation from book to screen that is interpretation. However there are those movies that make the cut in doing a fine job of retelling a story without altering what really matters and the film for To Kill a Mockingbird does just that. So while it may take some liberties in its efforts t o set the mood within a time limit it does not stray from the greater themes and characters at hand that make the story what it is. With new elements to consider comes the manipulation of scenes, the smudging of details, and the play of technique that all work towards the film maker’s vision for presenting To Kill a Mockingbird’s innermost themes in a way the differences between the formats can work for and not against the story. Perhaps one of the most common utilizations of artistic licenseShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Movie Analysis Essay2028 Words   |  9 PagesFor my paper I have chosen to analyze the movie â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird.† This movie is based on the novel – by the same name – written by Harper Lee. The story has two major plotlines. One follows Jem, Scout, and Dill as they try to uncover the secretes behind the infamous â€Å"Boo† Radley. It’s only at the end of the movie that we learn â€Å"Boo’s† real name to be Arthur, and that we discover he actually tries to protect people, as he saved Jem and Scout’s lives. The other major plotline, and the one moreRead MoreA Time to Kill and to Kill a Mockingbird1314 Words   |  6 PagesThe movie based on John Grishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is o ne-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grishams adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the movies moreRead More Comparing the Movies A Time to Kill, by John Grisham and To Kill a Mockingbird1285 Words   |  6 Pages The movie based on John Grishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grisham?s adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the moviesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Of Kill A Mockingbird 1271 Words   |  6 PagesJourney Tasopulos Brannen ELA-8 19 April, 2015 Novel Analysis: To Kill A Mockingbird Selection: I selected this book because its the best book I have ever read. I read To Kill A Mockingbird last year and my class wrote an essay about this book, since I already know so much about this book I thought it would be a nice and quick read. I thought it would be a great enjoyment to refresh my memory of this epic book. I watched the movie soon after I read the whole book and it was very fun to pick outRead MoreJustice In Reginald Roses 12 Angry Men1532 Words   |  7 Pageshowever is not the only factor that comes into play, when establishing whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. The play, ‘12 angry men’, written by Reginald Rose, is a drama involved around a jury and a homicide case. In comparison, the movie, ‘To kill a mockingbird’, directed by Robert Mulligan, follows the tale of Atticus Finch, a lawyer, who defends a black man against fabricated rape charges, and the evils of racism and stereotyping. Both texts have strongly opposing beliefs on the meaning of theRead MoreTheme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee2681 Words   |  11 PagesHonors III 01 June 2015 Independent Novel Project To Kill A Mocking Bird Knowledge Section Significance of Title The title of the book is â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird† which is a bird that Atticus told Jem not to shoot at, and Ms. Maudie has described as the one type of bird that shouldn’t be killed because it sings beautifully (119). Also Atticus told Jem that it’s a sin to shoot a mockingbird, and so the title â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† means to kill innocence (119). There are several characters in theRead MoreTelemetry 1011124 Words   |  5 Pages[pic] Movie Family Analysis Submit by 2359 Sunday of Week 1. |Name: | |Date: | | Overview Choose a movie from the provided list. Watch the movie, focusing specifically on the family unit featured in the film. Compare and contrast the movie family’s characteristics and behaviors to the assessment criteria introduced in the class notes and readings from theRead MoreHow Harper Lees life and childhood influenced her writing of To Kill A Mockingbird2417 Words   |  10 PagesHARPER LEES VIEW OF THE 1930S AS A CHILD Harper Lee is well known for her great contributions towards modern society through her astounding book, To Kill a Mockingbird. The novel is read world-wide, in high schools and colleges because of its in-depth look at the social classes in the south during the 1930s. The book was influenced by society, in particular the social order of the south during her childhood. Lee grew up during this time of controversy which is why she writes so passionately aboutRead MoreAn Exploration of How the Designer Olivier Kuntzel and Florence Deygas Managed to Incorporate and Interpret the Narrative of ‘Catch Me If You Can’ Into Their Title Sequence1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe opening title sequence for the movie Catch Me If You Can, designed by Olivier Kuntzel and Florence Deygas, establishes the era, style and tone of the movie’s narrative by its eye catching use of retro inspired graphics and a finger snapping jazz theme tune. I chose this title sequence to illustrate my answer to the above question because while it embodied the basic narrative of the film – the ongoing cat and mouse chase between the conman (Frank Abagnale Jr) and the FBI agent (Carl Hanratty)Read MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1982 Words   |  8 Pageslaws of the community is not difficult as the knowledge of who is socially acceptable to talk to and who is thought of as more of an outsider than a neighbor is not hard information to come across. Harper Lee highlighted this in her novel To Kill A Mockingbird by telling the story of life in Maycomb County, Alabama, through the eyes of Jean Louise Finch, whom everyone called Scout. While Scout, her father Atticus, and her older brother Jem were considered to be at the top of Maycomb’s social caste

Relationship Between Holding Companies and Subsidiaries...

Project-Corporate Law-I Relationship Between holding Companies and subsidiaries and the concept of piercing the corporate veil in the light of recent Vodafone s decision and Finance Act 2012 Submitted to- Dr Kiran Kori Faculty-Corporate Law Submitted by-Prarthna Baranwal Semester-V Section-A Roll No.-92 HIDAYATULLAH NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY, RAIPUR CHHATTISGARH 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to our respected faculty Kiran Kori Ma’am for giving me such a relevant and informative topic for the project and for her continuous guidance and support. My sincere thanks to my parents for their immense help and cooperation. Last but not the least my humble thanks to Almighty who continues to†¦show more content†¦The concurring judgment of 2:1 was pronounced by the SC on 20th January, 2012. The decision has been widely discussed because of interesting point of law and huge revenue involved of Rs. 11,000 ( plus ) Crores for the Government of India. The loss of revenue is not limited only to Government s losing the Vodafone s case, the stand of the Govt. has weakened in other similar cases. The legal issue related to the interpretation of provisions of section 9 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Act), read with section 5 of the Act. In the first round of litigation, the matter primarily related to the issue w hether any income accrued or arose to Vodafone in India on entering into agreements between two companies for acquiring controlling interest, which one foreign company held in an Indian company, by another foreign company and, hence, Vodafone was obliged to deduct tax at source on such acquisition. The basic question involved was whether Indian tax authorities had a right to impose tax in respect of a transaction where both the transacting companies were based outside India, but the subjectmatter of transfer was in India. Hence, the notice issued was challenged.2 DECISION AGAINST THE IT DEPARTMENT The Supreme Court has decided the case against the IT Department holding that no tax is leviable in the situation when the transaction of outright sale happened between two nonresidents of a capital asset outside India, though the capital asset (share) was

Informative Speech Free Essays

Approximately 30 people are going to be In the audience Including the Instructor, the audience Is made up of college students from the range of 18-30. I would say that the audience has a basic knowledge of what a pet peeve Is due to the fact that everyone has one. Solution/Setting: There Is a large window on the backside of the room. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now This can be distracting especially if people are walking by. There are small movements that everyone makes. The audience is very close, not a lot of personal space. Speech Goals: To inform the audience of what a pet peeve is. Then to provide them with examples and then ways to deal with them. The purpose is to provide them with all the necessary information about the topic. Introduction: Smack, Smack, Crunch, Crunch. The sound of someone smacking his or her food. Click Click. The sound of someone clicking their pen during and exam. All of these things are described as pet peeves. According to Webster English Dictionary a pet peeve is, † something that bothers someone, and opportunity for a complaint that is seldom missed. † Pet Peeves are a very common. Every person has at least one whether they are a common annoyance such as a minor noise, or a car driving too slow or too fast, other pet peeves consist of specific annoyances that are only related to a person. Commitment Statement: Today, I will share with you three aspects of a pet peeve. Along with these aspects specific examples will be used. One, basic knowledge of a pet peeve, two, who gets pet peeves and why and three how you can overcome them. Mall Ideas: a) First basic knowledge of pet peeves. Pet peeves often Involve behaviors that are acceptable to the majority of people but are considered to be a major annoyance to a ewe. Most Pet Peeves stem from three major categories: hygiene, family Issues and basic manners. Often the people that find these things annoying are the ones that complain about them the most. According to a New York Times article, the largest pet peeves that people have when It comes to others Involve someone close to the person, more often then not a spouse. Pet peeves tend to be a major topic for fighting the toothpaste, not putting the toilet seat down. B) Second, who gets pet peeves. The answer to this question is easy. I mean really think about it for a moment. I dare you o think of someone who you know who does not have a single pet peeve. Pause). Did you think of anyone? If you did I would be surprised. Everyone gets pet peeves. The majority of people have at least five. The majority of which are perfectly acceptable to another person. It is a natural human response to be annoyed by something that someone else does. However, as ironic as it sounds the things that annoy you the mo st tend to be the things that you do as well. For example tapping your leg on the back of a seat, blowing your nose loudly, sniffing because you are embarrassed to get a tissue. Everyone has a pet peeve and everyone possesses a quality that becomes a pet peeve for another person. ) Third, how you can overcome a pet peeve. According to an article on Bridgewater. Com there are three ways that you can overcome a pet peeve. One is acknowledging their existence. Denying the fact that you have one leads to more stress, which in turn makes the same thing bother you twice as bad. Let yourself accept that you have them and then move on. Second, know it’s not personal. The person that is doing the very thing that annoys you is not trying to harm you or insult you in anyway. In fact, they are unaware about how their actions ay be affecting you. Third, Find a healthy release. Do not immediately confront the situation. Instead, take a breath, go for a walk or listen to some relaxing music. The point is not to react when you are most irritated. Conclusion: Today you have learned about three major things about pet peeves. 1) What they are 2) who gets them and 3) how to overcome them. I hope that after this speech you will be able to accept the pet peeves that you have and realize that everyone has them and hopefully not take the annoying actions so personally. Pattern: Topical Sequence Transitions: first, second, third. In Conclusion. Lets get started. For example Strengths and concerns: I have first hand knowledge of the subject and feel comfortable talking about it. However, I tend to talk very fast. I need to slow down and realize that the people I am speaking to have never heard me talk. I also have issues with the letter ‘r’ often changing it to a W. I need to speak clearly and annunciate so this does not happen. How to cite Informative Speech, Papers Informative Speech Free Essays What if a speaker had an important topic that they needed to get across to their audience? How would the speaker go about it and what type of speech would the speaker choose. Well chapter 13 contents the creative process for informative speaking. What informative speaking is how to choose a focused informative topic, how to conduct a research and informative outline? The chapter also contains how to organize the body, introduction, and conclusion of the informative speech. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lastly chapter 13 contents explain how to prepare to present the speech and evaluate and informative speech. In order to make a well informative speech the speaker needs to be logical and purposeful. There are five steps to achieve a well-spoken speech. The first step is starting, then researching, next is creating, presenting, and listening and evaluating. Part of starting a informative speech will be knowing what an informative speech is. The informative speech is giving audience completely new knowledge, skills, or understanding about a topic. as well increases current knowledge, skills, or understanding. Most informative speeches also describe, explain, or instruct. An inform speech can also report. Next the way that a speaker starts their speech is getting to know the audience and situation. By knowing the place a speaker will most likely be able to determine what subject to speak on. The audience will let the speaker know what information to give base on culture, ideals, and different traits. When figuring this out the next step for a speaker is to create an idea bank. This is just a list of broad ideas that could describe, explain, or demonstrate. The way to create an idea bank is use a sheet of paper in order to free associate, evaluate the speech assignment or speaking event for clues, and then make a list of potential topics that lean toward a specific purpose. From there just narrow the topic down to something that fits the audience and place. Now that the speaker has chosen the topic the speaker needs to determine if the informative speech is going to describe, explain, or instruct. Finally choose the specific purpose and central idea. These two help the speaker stay on topic while giving the audience the objective for the speech. Now that the speaker has figured out what type of speech they want to present they can create a working outline. The outline should take a few minutes to construct. This will guide the speaker research. Now the working outline is only a rough outline. In this outline the speaker might use question for the main points and later use sentences for the preparation outline. After the working outline is complete the speaker is ready to conduct research. When researching the speaker wants to find material the will make the audience want to listen and learn. The speaker should select material that have a language level appropriate, something that will interest the audience, and if the topic is complex make sure to find multiple perspectives and means because everyone learns differently. The speaker should use the internet, library, newspapers, magazines, and personal knowledge in order to create their speech. Now that the speaker knows the topic it is time for them to construct the informative outline. This outline is structured and includes complete sentences and will typically end with a source page. When making the outline a speaker needs to know how to organize the body of an informative speech. first the speaker needs to understand that an informative speech utilize chronological, topical, spatial, comparative, order of intensity, problem-solution, or causal strategy. Next a speaker must commit to a strategy and construct main points. Finally the speaker should organize the support materials. The way to organize the material will be under a point or sub point depending on the strategy being used. When preparing to present the speech a speaker must consider what language to use. Language is important because it creates meaning, helps the audience learn and remember, and if the language creates pictures some people can learn better that way. Next the speaker needs to look at their delivery and practice. Since different people learn in different ways a presentation aid can help build redundancy, gain and keep the audience’s attention, summarize large portion of information, and build credibility. Lastly the speaker sould evaluate an informative speech. the way to do this is listen effectively, evaluate the message that the speaker was trying to get across and evaluate the presentation. Discussion Chapter 13 provides the students with information about how to develop an effective informative speech. By knowing your audience and their situation, you will be able to pick an informative topic beneficial and appropriate to your class. It also allows the speaker to get an idea of how their audience will react, and what questions they need to prepare for the after-speech discussion session. Knowing the situation also allows them to decide how to set up their presentation to fit the environment. Question Explain the five steps to the creative process for informative speaking? Explain the different categorize of informative How to cite Informative Speech, Essay examples Informative Speech Free Essays Interpersonal speech: How many of you have a Facebook? Did you know that since Mark Zukerberg created it in 2004, over 500 million people across the world use Facebook? In fact, 117,144 of those 500 million people are from the United States alone. Communication has changed so much over the past even 20 or 30 or so years. Nowadays we use more electronic communication like texting, Skype, and social networking sites like Facebook. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now But one thing hasn’t changed over the past 20 or 30 years like communication. The way you communicate affects how people think of you. So in order for others to respect and view you in a positive way, you must be successful in interpersonal communication. Personally, three ways that have helped me become a better interpersonal communicator are using electronic communication, discovering strategies for managing conflict, and learning to understand groups better. One of the biggest trends in communicating interpersonally today is by electronics. One of these trends is a social network called Facebook. Like I said, Facebook has become a past time and means of communication for over 500 million people around the world. In other words, 1/12th of the world’s population uses Facebook on a day-to-day basis. That’s a lot of people! But, why do so many people decide to use it? Well, one reason may be the fact that it’s a good channel of communication. Most people have computers these days, not to mention the internet, so it is easy access for most of the population. It’s also a quick and easy form of interpersonal communication because all it takes to find out what’s going on in people’s lives, what they’re thinking, how their day is going, and so on is a log on to the website. That may sound creepy, but all someone has to do for someone else not to be able to see all their information is a click to block them. Facebook allows interpersonal communication between people across the world, so when families want to see updated pictures of each other, news about a new grandchild or marriage proposal, or find out the next time they will see each other for Christmas, all it takes is a click away. I have a friend whose husband is a soldier in Afghanistan and right now, one of the only ways they can communicate quick and easily is by Facebook. They are able to chat almost instantly like a telephone call, only through a computer. Along with electronic communication, I have gained a better knowledge in interpersonal relationships by having learned strategies for managing conflict. We all know conflict is inevitable. But there are ways we can adapt to and turn conflict around so we can resolve it. Personally, I like to manage conflict by building a compromise between myself and the person my conflict is involved with. Webster defines in the dictionary a compromise a â€Å"settlement in which each side gives up some demands or makes concessions†. In other words, in order for the conflict to be resolved, both sides must give a little to take a little. I meet with the other person half way in order for both of us to get a little of what we want. Compromises allow both sides to get a little back of something they want, and even though this skill has helped my interpersonal communication, it may or may not be the best decision for others in order to resolve conflict completely. Others may choose to resolve conflict by accommodating. In this way, they give up their own desires for the desires of the other people involved. They choose to give up what they want so the other people can get what they want out of the deal. This may seem like a good idea for the opposite side, but in reality, it never really resolves the conflict. It only pauses it, if you will. The worst case scenario would be to avoid conflict at all costs. Avoiding conflict never resolves it. Resolving conflict involves talents like the interpersonal skills needed that help us better understand groups. Ever since I was little, I have enjoyed doing projects and working with classmates in groups. Unless the students in my group decided they wanted to cheat, or use me in order to get a good grade. Then, the group working did not turn out so good. But for the most part, it has helped my interpersonal skills with other people. Working in and understanding groups builds interpersonal communication skills because the members learn to appreciate each others’ opinions and work together in order to reach the group’s goals. In group work, members get the chance to get to know their partners’ behaviors and skills better in the areas that they work, which hopefully leads to successfully achieving the purposes for the group. Members learn how the others think and in turn organize ideas to reach the objectives. Sometimes working in groups even matures the relationships into deeper friendships, which is a win-win situation for both parties. According to Lisa K, In order to have an effective group, members need to have respect for each other, should do an equal amount of work, have a common purpose, and be open to compromise. In conclusion, interpersonal skills help people by increasing their ability to make connections among others. By using electronic communication via social networking, learning strategies for managing conflict, and understanding groups, I have gained a few skills needed in order to communicate better interpersonally. My relationships with my friends and family have improved and the abilities I have stated have affected my behaviors and skills in my interpersonal communication with them. Interpersonal skills are very helpful when seeking information from other people. They benefit both parties and are a good means of becoming a more stable and organized person. How to cite Informative Speech, Papers Informative Speech Free Essays Topic:Knowing the Early signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack General Purpose:To inform Specific Purpose:To inform the class on the signs and symptoms of someone having a heart attack. Thesis Statement:To successfully educate a prospective person to know the signs and symptoms of someone that is having a heart attack. Introduction I. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now [attention-getter] What is the number one killer among men and women in the United States? A. I’m sure that the majority of the class is thinking of different possibilities that could be the number one killer in the United States B. Unfortunately there is only one major killer that takes about 1. 1 million away from the loved ones. II. [topic intro and justification] Knowing the signs and symptoms is the first step that someone is in need of some medical assistance. A. There are several different signs to watch out for, when someone is seriously need of medical attention. B. The first impression can lead to the fatal impact, in which can result in the specific person‘s life on the line. III. [credibility Statement] My name is Michael Croy. I am here tonight to make each and every one of you aware of the signs and symptoms of someone having a heart attack. I lost my mother at the age of 47 due to a Myocardial Infraction, also known as a Heart attack. A. I have taken the next step to educate myself on the different signs and symptoms to make myself aware of someone suffering from a heart attack. B. Many people are unaware of the different symptoms of someone suffering from a heart attack. Today will be a new day folks. I will explain the statics, the signs and symptoms, and to also make sure you aware of the few simple things that can be prevented with having a heart attack. IV. [preview/thesis statement] Today is going to be a new day folks. I am going to explain the different risk factors, the signs, and the symptoms of someone suffering from a heart attack. A. First, a person needs to have some basic knowledge of the signs and symptoms of a heart attack. B. Second, a person needs to make sure they know how to perform CPR if needed at the time of the situation. C. Finally, the person needs to put them self in the persons that is having the heart attack, and think to them self, am I ready to go. Transition: You’re finally ready to get further into the subject of heart attacks. Now what? The first step would be gather the information and make sure you’re aware of the subject, and how you can save someone’s life. Body I. What is a heart attack? A heart attack is when blood vessels that supply blood to the heart are blocked, preventing enough oxygen from getting to the heart. The heart muscle dies or becomes permanently damaged. (Pub Med Health, 2010) A. Heart attack statistics reveals that the total of number of deaths attributed to heart attacks in the United States is much more than the total of deaths attributed to ailments such as cancer. (Naik, 2010) 1. In the United States, 785,000 individuals suffer their first heart attack and 470,000 individuals suffer from their second heart attack every year. (Naik, 2010) a. Approximately 1. 5 million Americans suffer from a Heart Attack in the United States every year, from which as many as 500,000 die. Out of these 500,000 deaths recorded in the United States every year, 250,000 deaths occur on the way to the hospital. (Naik, 2010) b. In case of heart attack, 50 percent deaths occur within an hour of the heart attack before they could get proper medical help. (Naik, 2010) c. Sudden death from a heart attack is more common in women than it is in men. According to the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction, women under the age of 50 are twice as likely to succumb to a heart attack as oppose to their male counterparts. (Naik, 2010) 2. There are many different sources to obtain this information. a. The web would have the most updated information to seek to know the statistics by each year. b. The American Heart Association would have all the information on the statistics. B. Heart attack age statistics shows the statistical of heart attacks based on ages and gender. 1. Women are much more affected then men. Women are much more likely than men to die within a few weeks of a heart attack. a. Sudden death is more common among women with heart attack. (Naik, 2010) b. Heart attacks are more rare in younger people, but they do happen. (Naik, 2010) 2. Within a year of a heart attack, in those aged 40 or over, 18 percent of men and 23 percent of women will die. If you extend this window to 5 years then 33 percent of men and 43 percent of women will die. (Pub Med Health, 2010) a. There are around 20,000 women under the age of 45 hospitalized by heart attacks every year in the United States. Naik, 2010) b. Women aged 65 and over are the most likely to suffer a heart attack, with around 370,000 women hospitalized every year. (Naik, 2010) Transition I have just explained various different statics in heart attacks within the United States each year. I have provided several different types of information with heart attacks in men and in women, also with the vari ous age groups. Now let’s go over the signs and symptoms of a person having a heart attack. II. Most heart attacks are caused by a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries bring blood and oxygen to the heart. If the blood flow is blocked, the heart starves for oxygen and heart cells die. A. The person should learn all the information that is needed to help someone or even a loved one to seek and/or get the medical attention on a quickly matter. 1. Acting fast at the first sign of heart attacks symptoms can save your life and limit the damage to your heart. Treatment is most effective when started within the 1st hour of the symptoms. The most common heart attack sign and symptoms are: a. Chest discomfort or pain: uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain in the center of the change that can be mild or strong. This discomfort or pain lasts more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back. (National Heart Lung and Blood institute, 2008) b. Upper body discomfort in or both arms, the back, neck, jaw or stomach. (National Heart Lung and Blood institute, 2008) c. Shortness of breath may occur with or before chest discomfort. (National Heart Lung and Blood institute, 2008) d. Other signs may include breaking out in cold sweat, nausea or lightheadedness B. Heart attacks symptoms in women are different from men. 1. The most common symptoms of women having a heart attack are: a. Chest discomfort, uncomfortable pressure over the chest(Heart Attack Symptoms in Women) b. Pain in the center of the chest(Heart Attack Symptoms in Women) c. Pain over the upper back(Heart Attacks Symptoms in Women) d. Chest pain 30% only (Heart Attack Symptoms in Women) 2. The common symptoms of men having a heart attack are. a. Chest pain(Satalker) b. Shortness of Breath(Satalkar) c. Sweating(Satalkar) d. Nausea and Vomiting(Sataklar) Transition: We know that the most common sign and symptoms of someone that is suffering or having a heart attack. Knowing the information will help to get the person seek and get the medical attention that is needed. We know now that the symptoms can vary from men and women. Now let’s take a look at the different ways that heart attacks can be prevented and also the treatment that is provided for a person that has or is high risk of having a heart attack. III. It’s never too late to take the steps to prevent a heart attack, even if you’ve already had one. Taking medications can reduce your risk of a second heart attack and help your damaged heart function better. A. Lifestyle factors play a critical role in heart attack prevention. 1. There are several different lifestyle changes that can help a heart attack. a. Not smoking (Staff, 2010) b. Controlling certain conditions, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes. (Staff, 2010) c. Staying physically active(Staff, 2010) d. Eating healthy foods(Staff, 2010) B. Once a person has or has not suffered from a heart attack, there are several different medications that can be prescribed to help with the heart attack going further. 1. Medications that will help the heart function more effectively or reduce heart attacks a. Blood-thinning medications: Aspirin makes your blood less â€Å"sticky† and likely to clot. Doctors recommend a daily aspirin for most people who’ve had a heart attack. (Staff, 2010) b. Beta blockers: These drugs lower your heart rate and blood pressure, reducing demand on your heart and helping to prevent further heart attacks. (Staff, 2010) c. Cholesterol-lowering medications: A variety of medications including strains, niacin, fibrates and bile acid sequestrates, can help lower your levels of unwanted blood cholesterol. These medications can help prevent future heart attacks even if your cholesterol was not very high at the time of the heart attack. Staff, 2010) Transition: I just now have covered the different lifestyle factors and the treatment that can be prescribed for heart attacks. If you have one or more risk factors for heart attacks, it’s not too late to seek the medical attention that is needed to prevent yourself from having heart attack. Seeking your doctor is the first step of taking steps to make sure that a heart attack doesn’t happen. Conclusion I. [restatement/summary of main ideas] There were three very important things to remember when someone is having a heart attack. A. First, Knowing that the number killer in the United States is a heart attack. I have also provided the statics with someone having a heart attack, and the difference with men and women. B. Second, knowing the symptoms of someone that is suffering from a heart attack. Remember the symptoms are different from men and women. C. Finally, taking the prevented measure to make sure that you are not at risk for having a heart attack, and also if you have someone that has suffered from a heart attack make sure that person or loved one is taking the steps to stay healthy to prevent any other heart attack. II. [closing statement] If a person follows all the information that has been provided you are on your way of living a long healthy life. I have educated myself with more information on heart attack not only to protect myself and my loved ones, but also to bring closure within myself with the loss of my mother on February 20, 2009. Works Cited National Heart Lung and Blood Insitute . (2008, March 1). Retrieved Ferbruary 1, 2011 , from National Heart Lung and Blood Insitute : http://www. nhlbi. nih. gov/health/dci/Diseases/HeartAttack/HeartAttack_WhatIs. h How to cite Informative Speech, Papers Informative speech Free Essays To inform my audience about homelessness in the Nation’s Capitol. Introduction: 1. Main Point: We have all seen them, all of our eyes have rolled to the back of our heads at the sight of people carrying multiple bags of luggage on public transportation. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Not only holding us up on our commute to work but taking up 2 or 3 seats with every possession of their former home. A. Sub point: If you are like me you think to yourself why don’t these people Just get Job? Why do these people live like that? You will be amazed to know that you too could be one of those people. According to a survey put together by a consortium of iCertified Financial Planers 1 and 3 Americans would be unable to make their mortgage or rent beyond 1 month if they lost their Job. B. Sub point: Homelessness is a multifaceted problem in our community. 1. Sub-sub point: I have personally experienced episodes of homelessness in my life and know how difficult it can be to navigate a complicated system. 2. Sub-sub point: I have complied research from multiple sources regarding omelessness in the District of Colombia. . Sub-point: First I will discuss what homelessness looks like in D. C 3. Sub-sub-sub point: Secondly I will discuss why so many are without housing in D. C. 4. Sub-sub-sub point: Finally I will discuss solutions to this epidemic. Transitional statement: Homeless can appear to be a problem that we tell ourselves results from laziness, drug abuse, poor choices but I am here to tell you that is often n ot the case. II. Main Point: According to the iiWashington Legal Clinic for the Homeless there are 5,000 homeless people in D. C over the course of a year. There are 4,000 homeless people that make up the 938 families that are in emergency shelter. There are more than 1,600 homeless youth far exceeding the 77 beds reserved specifically for them. Among the single homeless persons only 32% report a history of substance abuse and 28% report suffering from severe mental illness. 12% suffer from chronic health problems and 23% suffer from physical disabilities. A. Sub point Now that I have went over the demographics of the homeless population. Let me explain why there are so many homeless in DC. 1. Sub-sub point: According to Legal Clinic of Washington in the District a worker earning minimum wage of $8. 25 per hour must work 132 hours in a week, 52 weeks a year, or earn $27 per hour at 40 hours a week to afford a 2 bedroom apartment at fair market rent, which is $1,400 per month. 2. Sub-sub point the unemployment rate in Washington DC was 8 Homeless persons witn no phone or permanent address have a difficult time competing for Jobs in an already tight market. 3. D. C’s welfare enefits are inadequate to meet the needs of District families, only increasing twice since the 1980s. D. C recently cut benefits by 20% for families who have received assistance for more than 60 months. 4. Social Security Disability benefits total at $710 a month, which is equivalent to $4. 36 per hour. There is average wait of 2 years to receive benefits after applying. The only DC benefits available for disabled adults are Interim Disability Assistance (IDA), which is only $270 a month, which also has a wait list. B. Sub point Washington D. C is the least affordable housing Jurisdiction in the country when compared to other states. 1 . 80% of extremely low-income households pay more than 30% of their income to rent, which is by definition unaffordable. Also almost half of all DC households pay more than 30% of their income to rent. A. D. C Housing Authority cannot respond quickly enough to the demand for Public Housing and Housing choice Vouchers. Since 2000 the number of low cost rental units in DC has dropped by 50%. B. Now that I have discussed reasons for homelessness in DC I will talk about solutions to the problem . Sub-sub point According to the iiiWashington Post Rapid Re-Housing is a new initiative aimed at getting people out of the shelters and on a pathway toward self- sufficiency. People in the Rapid Re-housing program pay one-third of their income toward monthly rent. Rapid Re-housing pays the rest through subsidys that are suppose to last 4 months to a year. 2. Sub-sub point There are also proposals in DC Mayor Vincent Gray Budget for the ivFiscal Year 2014, which would have add funds for youth homeless services, emergency rental assistance, rent subsidiaries that flow hrough housing providers. Also expanding supportive housing for chronically homeless residents. Also DC has plans to create a Homeless Czar. 3. Conclusion As we have seen homelessness is a multifaceted problem in our community that is far reaching affecting many different segments of the population. I have demonstrated that we are all at risk to becoming homeless if the perfect storm arises. Homelessness is not Just for the socially immoral these days but in these though economic times a single pink slip could set in motion loss of housing. How to cite Informative speech, Papers Informative Speech Free Essays Many sexually active teens are never educated on the dangers of unprotected sex, because their schools do not teach this kind of education. Could changing this lead to less sexually transmitted infections or teenage pregnancy? Teaching options could ensure more safety to teenagers. Should sex education be taught in public schools in the United States, and if so, what kind of education is the best choice for today’s teenagers? There are three basic types of sex education. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now The most widely spoken about and taught is called abstinence based sex education. An abstinence-only approach to sex education teaches teens and young adults that not having sex until marriage is the best or only way to effectively avoid sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy. Abstinence based education is also taught with the thought that it is morally incorrect to have sex before marriage, often because of religious reasons. Students are taught that sexual activity before marriage have harmful psychological and physical effects, also that having a child out of wedlock harms the child, the child’s par†¦ †¦ middle of paper †¦ †¦ inence and Sex Education. † AIDS and HIV information from the AIDS charity AVERT. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011. www. avert. org/abstinence â€Å"Facts on Sex Education in the United States. † Guttmacher Institute: Home Page. N. p. , n. d. Web. 6 Jan. 2011. www. guttmacher. org/pubs/fb_sexed2006 Life360. â€Å"Non-Abstinence Sex Ed Gets Federal Funding. † Life360. N. p. , 13 Oct. 2010 , Web. 20 Jan. 2011. http://www. life 360. com/blog/sex-ed-government-funding/ â€Å"Planned Parenthood. † Planned Parenthood. N. p. , n. d. Web. 28 Jan. 2011. www. plannedparenthood. org How to cite Informative Speech, Essay examples Informative Speech Free Essays Relevance to the audience: Now that I told you that almost 69 percent of adults are considered overweight, take a look around. Considering the facts, that means according to the statistics of the American Medical Association (Ogden C. L. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now ), one of the people sitting next to you are overweight. If you personally are blessed with the benefits of good genetics and genes, then there is at least one person who you know who Is considered overweight. As you can see I am overweight, and I actually undergone the Sleeve Gastronomy. Ill. Thesis: There are different types of Gastric Bypass procedures that can help save ivies not only for the person who is overweight, but for their loved ones as well. IV. Preview of main points: As someone who has had the surgery done and researched information on this topic, I would like to talk with you about the different types of Gastric Bypass procedures there are, and how It not only benefited myself, but how It benefits approximately 200,000 people a year, not Including the people that they are surrounding as well. Body: l. Main Point: What is Gastric Bypass? What different kinds/types are there? Who gets it? Where does it take place-in body, why people get it, and how does someone lawful? A. Support- Gastric Bypass procedures (GAP) are any of a group of similar operations that first divides the stomach Into a small upper pouch and a much larger lower â€Å"remnant† pouch and then rearranges the small intestine to connect both. The first procedure happened in 1954, and really became popular in the sass’s. Now, most of them are performed layperson and have very little scaring, and most people go home the very next day. B. Support- There are 3 main types of barbaric surgeries that are performed. The Gastric Bypass surgery, also called the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass which Involves creating a stomach pouch out of a small portion of the stomach and attaching It directly to the small Intestine, bypassing a large part of the stomach and duodenum which is used for fat absorption is substantially reduced. The Sleeve Gastronomy is the newest procedure, and this is when the surgeon removes a large section of the stomach, leaving a thin banana or sleeve-shaped stomach. And Lastly the Lap band surgery, also known as adjustable gastric band. This Is when they enter the stomach and place a device that looks like a ring around elution through a permanent port placed under the skin. Six weeks after surgery, you return to the surgeon and they will adjust it so the adequate amount of food can pass through the stoma. This is adjusted many times until it is Just right and can be adjusted several times a year. C. Support- The rules for you can qualify for these types of procedures vary from state to state and the requirements from your insurance company. But, for most the requirements include if your body mass index (IBM) is 40 or higher, if you have a IBM of 30 or higher and have other underlying lath issues, such as diabetes, sleep apneas, high blood pressure or other health problems. D. Support- Most procedures are now done layperson which includes about 4-6 small incisions in the abdomen around an inch long. They insert long medal pole instruments into the abdomen with microscopes attached so they can see inside your stomach to perform the surgery. This usually takes between 2-4 hours. II. Main Point: Why do people get it? What are the health benefits/benefits of Gastric Bypass, what is needed after surgery, and how it changes/saves lives? A. Support- Many people lead towards Gastric Bypass when the individual tries to lose weight and can’t due to health risks, or have serious health problems, and if they do not get it, the outcome could potentially be worse for them opposed to if they were to stay obese. B. Support- The Baric Clinics (Baric Clinics America’s Leader in Barbaric Surgery) states that the physical health benefits include- improving or resolving many related health issues such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and circulatory problems, arthritis and Joint pain, infertility, sleep apneas, and many other indention. Emotions- by improving self-esteem and people become less depressed. Career- by improving their actual and perceived performance through the ability to do work that was previously physically impossible, improved confidence and presence around others, and increased opportunities. Relationships- by gaining added confidence and how they improve relationships between friends, family, co- workers and new acquaintances and how others relate to them. Lifestyle- after people get this surgery people tend to want to live better, eat better, and be happier. How to cite Informative Speech, Papers

The Taming of the Shrew Essay Example For Students

The Taming of the Shrew Essay When The Taming of the Shrew was written around 1593-1594, the working classes and servants made up the vast majority of the British population. This led to common social stereotyping of the servant classes. This can be clearly seen in some of Shakespeares early plays including The Taming of the Shrew. In this play there are many characters that are bound together by the servant-master relationship. These include: The Lord and his Huntsmen in the induction, Petruchios domination over Grumio throughout the play and the comradeship between Tranio and Lucentio. Shakespeare explores a number of different types of relationship between the classes in a way that was only possible on the stage. This is the physical enactment of the servant master relationship. There are two different types of servant-master relationship shown in the play. One is the traditional, where the master dominates and sometimes abuses the servant so that he obeys his masters will. The other is the idealised, rare, if existent, bond, where there is equality and mutual respect. We will write a custom essay on The Taming of the Shrew specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Through this comparison, the play re-evaluates the power of the servants bond with his master and the portrayal of wives as servants. As much of Shakespeares contemporary audience would have experienced this type of relationship, more than likely as the master, Shakespeare may have hoped that some may recognise a potential change from the traditional treatment of servants. In The Taming of the Shrew, the most oppressive and traditional master is Petruchio. He is demanding and dominating over Grumio, Biondello and his other servants. Petruchio seems to have no master over him. Even Baptista, the father of the girl that he woos has no influence over him. He is omnipotent. Towards the end of the play, he has complete control over Katherina, who responds to his every call. In Petruchios first few lines of the play, he is abusive towards Grumio, calling him Rascal, knave and villain. He seems to be easily excited into rage, saying Ill knock your knaves pate and Shakespeare even suggests, in his stage directions, that he should wring Grumio by the ears. Some of Petruchios later violence towards his servants may be done for the purpose of taming Katherina, for example, when Petruchio plans to kill a wife with kindness he insults the servants saying such things as A whoreson beetle-headed, flap-eard knave! Although this tirade may be an act, he is portrayed consistently as violent and aggressive. In comparison to his earlier treatment of Grumio, later in the play it doesnt seem completely out of character for Petruchio to beat his servants and call them beetle-headed, peasant-swain, logger-headed and whoreson. Petruchio is presented as an exaggeration of the traditional patriarchal master. Grumio, as the servant of Petruchio, that features most in this play, is the victim of Petruchios domineering rule. Grumio must fulfil his masters needs and protect himself. Grumio attempts desperately to escape from Petruchios oppressive hand by pleading with his friend, Hortensio. If this be not a lawful cause for me to leave his service This is, however to no avail, as Hortensio fails to take him seriously. In the same scene, Grumio warns: Hell rail in his rope tricks. he will throw a figure in her face and so disfigure her with it that she shall have no more eyes to see withal than a cat. At the same time, Grumio also seems to praise Petruchios ways: Will he woo her? Ay or Ill hang her For he fears none It appears that Grumio has the ability to leave his role as a servant. However, he chooses to vent his frustration by moaning about his situation and loudly voicing his complaints. .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 , .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 .postImageUrl , .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 , .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2:hover , .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2:visited , .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2:active { border:0!important; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2:active , .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2 .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u18bdb2b44e63d9e810c79c0be5f532a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare Coursework EssayWhen he arrives back at his masters house, he quickly starts complaining about his masters treatment of him: Was ever man so beaten? Was ever man so rayed? Was ever man so weary how he beat me because her horse stumbled, how she waded through the dirt to pluck him off me. Grumio enjoys exaggerating in a futile attempt to gain sympathy. He also takes immense pleasure in taking the role of the master in the short time before Petruchio returns to his home. He enjoys ordering, arranging and scolding the other servants. Although Grumio is also improperly dressed and unprepared for Petruchios expectations, he doesnt hesitate at ordering the servants of lower rank than him around and putting himself in a position of authority. This shows that no matter where someone is positioned in the social hierarchy, they will often try to put upon themselves a position of authority. On the other hand, the friendly and equal servant-master relationship between Tranio and Lucentio would have been a revolutionary idea in the 16th century. The master, Lucentio, is far more lenient with Tranio. They even swap places in the play. In their relationship, each depends on the other psychologically and physically. Lucentio doesnt command in the way that Petruchio does he merely requests, as in the final scene, where he bids his wife to come to him. Lucentio seems to be happier with a relationship based on equality that one of domination and aggression. In the first scene, he speaks to Tranio as a friend: Thy good company, My trusty servant, well approved in all, Here let us breathe. Here Lucentio speaks in the plural, let us. This gives the impression of equality. Tranio replies with: Gentle master mine. I am in all affected as yourself. Although both use their titles, servant and master, the language is one of friendship. It is clear that Lucentio sees his servant as intellectually equal to himself. Lucentio also goes to his servant for advice. Counsel me, Tranio, for I know thou canst. Assist me, Tranio for I know thou wilt. He makes it clear that in his eyes, there is no difference physically between him and Tranio. Nor can we be distinguishd by our faces for man or master. Lucentio is perfectly willing to swap places with Tranio in order to achieve the love of Bianca: Let me be a slave tachieve that maid. Through Tranio and Lucentios relationship, Shakespeare points out that the differences between the master and the slave are only on the surface and each can transform into the other with little or no practice. This is also clear in the scenes where Sly plays the role of the Lord and easily picks it up. When Tranio puts on his masters clothes,

Twelfth Night Essays (2028 words) - Cross-dressing In Literature

Twelfth Night Twelfth Night ?Twelfth Night is a comedy of light and shade. Its characters are not unreservedly happy and the events are not unreservedly humorous.? Discuss. As a comedy, Twelfth Night is obviously intending to not only entertain its audience but also point out problems in society. It is imperative to entire merit of the play not to be realistic but to allow for empathy. Therefor to have a comedy of complete lightheartedness there would be no balance and hence no avenue for audience interaction. Without light we would have no darkness and for this reason Shakespeare has had to incorporate tragedy in order for the comedy to have it's desired effect. The two in juxtaposition accentuate each other. The characters of Twelfth Night are neither bluntly humorous nor artlessly tragic. Twelfth Night like all Shakespearean comedies is largely about social concerns. The social messages in Twelfth Night are largely about, the need for a balance in life, that you should not judge on appearance as they can be deceptive and the importance of self awareness or the humor in lack of. Neither is artlessly or bluntly humorous, as this would detract from the greater issues he in attempting to convey. Humor instead is used in contrast to some pain to antithesis the comedy and accentuate the themes. The plot of Twelfth Night is comic it explores many social issues in it's comedy yet is also not unrestrained in it's humor. As a comedy Twelfth Night follows, many conventions as far as structure, the setting is in a far away ?romantic? land, situation, and events somewhat steer the plot however this is certainly not without art or subtleties. Shakespeare has carefully intertwined comedy and pain in both the main and the sub plots to highlight the comedy and explore the social themes. The audience is forced to suspend disbelief that such a coincidence could occur. The audience is transported from their ordinary mundane existence and is transported into a world of chance, non-existent penalties for practical jokes and the unmistakable harmony of events. It is this incongruity compared to everyday life that is humorous. However, this summer, frivolris setting is not completely free from conflict. There is however, some predominately ?lighter? characters that serve as comic relief from the more serious main plot and represent a certain ?type? of people in society. Sir Toby and Sir Andrew would have been marvelously enjoyed by Shakespearean audiences as they are today. Not a scene goes by involving these to where we can laugh and the slow wit of Sir Andrew and the awkward puns of Sir Toby. However, we find the names and foolish antics of these two rather amusing. It is with a certain hesitance that we laugh at the gullibility of Sir Toby, his disillusioned love for Olivia is rather somber and balances our opinion of him. This balances is representative of all the characters in Twelfth Night, they may be predominately comic yet they are never completely comic or completely serious. This has the effect on Twelfth Night as making it more true to life and therefor we as the audience can relate and understand the themes. Malvolio and Feste are typical examples of characters that are seen as comic, yet when looking beyond these superficialities we see a far more important role of their character in the play. Feste, his name and title as a ?fool? is careful balance of light and shade. He is arguably the most intelligent character in the play and it is evident at the end of the play that he is the most powerful, because he concludes the play. Feste is certainly a vital link between not only the main and sub plots but also as a conveyer of the action to the audience. It is ironic that such wit and wisdom are found in the ?fool.? Cesario refers to Feste as, ?This fellow's wise enough to play the fool: / And to do that well craves wit.? The obvious key to understanding the themes Shakespeare is conveying we must closely examine the characters, with which he communicates. Feste is not a character of low, blunt comedy, his merriment is truthful not scornful or artless. Act 1

The Killer Angeles essays

The Killer Angeles essays In the book The Killer Angeles, had great in depth detail about the civil war. And the turning point in the civil warm, Gettysburg. The site which claimed as many American lives as the whole Vietnam war put together. A war site that still is admired today. There were many great leaders in the battle of Gettysburg. One commander in the book that I admired was Joshua Chamberlain. He was a man that cared about his men. And was grateful of the men that severed in his command. He fought on the Union side. Another reason I have a lot of respect for Chamberlain is that he fought with his men during battle. For him to do that made his men fight harder for him. He had a lot of real emotions that his men could respect. He told the truth. He was a brave man that was well educated and had a good heart toward his men that fought with him. George Pickett was a man that I wasnt particularly found of. He wasnt a well strategic commander. He was a stubborn man that lead many men to their deaths. He had no battles in the civil war that could put him in the list of top commanders in history. The quote by Louie Amistead and Longstreet is stating how the civil war is a holy war. How ones beliefs go against anothers. How the war has more than moral belief. That this war is about what is their god given right. How no matter what you do killing people is not the answer. That war will not lead to no were in converting people into your beliefs and how to think. Now was the civil war a Holy War. It wasnt a war about religion and what religion is right. It was a war that was about preserving the Union. In some eyes it was a Holy War . The war was based on a one belief system against another belief system. But the civil war was more of a political war. The role of slavery in this book wasnt much of an issue. Although the south would say they wouldnt fight for any blacks. But the north w ...

All Men Are Created Equal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

All Men Are Created Equal - Essay Example The gamut of characters she delves in: from the LAPD Police Chief Daryl Gates to a gang member, from Korean store owners to a white juror, from a Panamanian immigrant mother to a teenaged black gang member, from beaten truck driver Reginald Denny to Congresswoman Maxine Waters along with other black, white, Asian and Latino characters: aptly portrays the myriads and pressures of a fractious age. It is interesting to note how Anna Deavere Smith resonates the theme of equality in her text with the issues of race, racial prejudice, anger, and hatred. Through characters such as Rudy Salas, Sr., the Mexican artist, she elucidates the consuming hatred of the "Other"1 in the Saidian sense of the term. In Sally's hatred against the "gringos," especially the white police officers, he is not only shown like the other inner-city blacks and Latinos who resent the treatment afforded to them by the LAPD but is made a prototype of a race which has borne the brunt of neo-colonization.   'I felt like "oh, my goodness" because it was really like he was in danger there. It was such an oppressive atmosphere (66).' That Anna Deavere Smith is more of a sociologist than a satirist is elucidated in her treatment of the issue of ethnicity in the personage of Paul Parker, the Chairman of the LA Four Plus Defense Committee. Parker's statement: ' they basically feel that if it's black-on-black crime, if it's a nigger killin' a nigger, they don't have any problem with that. But let it be a white victim, they gonna go to any extremes necessary to basically convict some black people (171).'  She points out the fallacies of a system where the abuser-abused relationship is based upon the norms of inequality. In its depiction of the anguished soul of a city and a nation in crisis, the text offers an etymological explanation of the problems of racism as it presents the discourse of race struggle in the perspectives of ethnocentricism and xenophobia.  

Justifying the Japanese Internment Camps Term Paper

Justifying the Japanese Internment Camps - Term Paper Example This led to the decision of all the Japanese immigrants being relocated to internment camps. This move by the USA was justifiable, as it would help curb any violent acts from Japan, and enhance safety in USA. However, this was also considered as a prejudice toward Asians, since the same sanctions were not taken against immigrants of other rivals such as Germany, and therefore, this is unjustifiable (Welgny 23). This paper will use literature review to address this issue from two points of view, before taking a stand in the conclusion. The Japanese immigrants were put in internment camps not because they were guilty of crime, but because their country had become one of the USA’s enemies during the period of the Second World War. The USA therefore, considered these Japanese people in America as a threat to its national security. During this period, most Japanese people in America had occupied the area in the west coast of America. They worked hard to sustain their families. They had bought land, gotten an education, and had become citizens of America, who participated in voting during American elections. Problems rose after their country of origin attacked the USA. This had their land taken away from them, and them sent to internment camps, to avoid further attacks in the USA from Japan. ... In this order, there were the instructions about relocating close to 1110,000 American Japanese people to the ten internment camps that were available. When the Japanese were taken to the internment camps, they lost their rights as American citizens, as most of them were legally settled in America. This also separated them from the things and people they loved. The camps were fenced, with block arrangements inside. In each block, there were more than ten barracks, a recreational hall, and one mess hall. This also included car storage and repair area, canteens, hospitals, schools, a post office, a library, among others (Welgny 47). Apart from being alienated from the wider society, the Japanese Americans were exposed to many hardships in the internment camps. Since most of the camps were located in desert places, the Japanese people had difficulties dealing with the extreme unbearable temperatures in the camps. For instance, during summer periods, the temperatures could reach 100 degr ees and more. On the other hand, winter periods had extremely low temperatures, going as low as negative 30 degrees in some of the camps. Meals in these camps were served in meager portions. Most of the food was grown in the camps, including vegetables and fruits. In addition, the people bred livestock in the camps, which was also a source of food. Due to insufficient provision of healthcare in the camps, most Japanese people died when they got sick. The psychological stress that most of them were experiencing also contributed to the deaths of Japanese people in the camps. Aggressive military guards sometimes harassed the people, killing those who showed signs of resistance to their orders (Heinrichs 31).

Position in Healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Position in Healthcare - Assignment Example This may be a generalized idea that encompasses the need to give people control over their health and other major determinants of their state of health (Moore, 2012). Basically, the government could be viewed as the major stakeholder in the health promotion mission with a dual role of enacting policies and enforcing the policies. Ultimately, the role of government in health promotion is a role of policy maker. In relation to the role played by the government, the nurse is seen to be a performer of the role of a facilitator of the policies that are enacted and enforced. As a facilitator, the nurse is expected to play his professional role by ensuring that service users who receive service are adequately informed on some of the basic means by which they can have their healthcare secured. This role must be played with all commitment and dedication as service to humanity. Looking closely at my community, the top three (3) health priorities will be given as mental health care, sexual and reproductive health, and infant morbidity. In comparison with the global perspective, it would be seen that these priorities, which hare prevailing in my community ar e also of prime importance to healthcare stakeholders across the globe (Fielding, Teutsch and Koh,

Complex process of human development

Complex process of human development Introduction Human Development varies from a person to person and is a highly complex process'[1]. It develops as a result of the effect of various factors influencing the growth at different stages in a lifetime of an individual. The following essay is divided into two parts. In part one, we will be analysing the work of a professional practitioner and for this I have interviewed the Youth Worker of St Andrews church in Charminster. In part two, we will be examining a real life case study which centres on the problem of rebellion and we shall analyse it in detail looking at the various issues surrounding it and the possible solutions. Youth Worker Charminster is one of the places in Bournemouth which is constantly monitored by the police due to the presence of drug dealers and high crime rates within teenagers. Therefore, especially here the youth worker is an important role in the development of the community. Youth workers promote the personal, educational and social development of young people. Roger Baker, who is the current youth worker of St Andrews, says that working in Charminster is a challenging and an interesting place to work. Roger has 10 years of rich Christian youth work experience and prior to that he worked with the council as a youth worker and also as a probationer officer. Job Description His overall objective is to increase the churchs community involvement with the young people, to strengthen the relationships with the local schools, to work in partnership with other organisations to engage with the young people for their welfare and development. Mainly his role on a yearly basis includes: Assessing the needs of young people, running various youth clubs on Friday nights for the youth of the community. Multi agency working in line with the informal youth project. Agencies like Bournemouth Youth Services, Youth Offending Team, Connexions and Bournemouth Council. Alsoacting as an advocate for young peoples interests and presenting them to the required agency. Taking the Bible studies during the week for different age groups and discipling the young people into a Christ like character. Managing developing the youth and community projects and resources Serving the needs of the young people in the community including the delivery of sports programmes, supporting recreational activities, providing advice and counselling. Drawing up business plans, writing reports and making formal presentations to funding bodies. Over and beyond the job description the youth worker does many more informal activities for the church and the community. Advantages of the role Since previously Roger worked with the council as a secular youth worker, now he compares his former role to his present role as a Christian youth worker and says that the latter has more advantages and more opportunities. As a secular youth worker in case of emergency he couldnt drive in a car alone with a young person. Besides, he said that they worked only during their working hours in a day after which they didnt think about youth work at all and they worked just because its their job and spent less time with the youth. Now, he says that Christian youth work role is more relaxed and comfortable with no set timings to work and therefore he can focus on a particular issue or work giving it the time required in order to resolve or to work on it. According to Bruce Britton, what young people want from their youth workers is not their organisational ability, but willingness to focus and to listen to their views and spend time with them as per their availability.[2] Though this is Rogers perspective, however I think this is how youth workers actually need be irrespective of whether they are secular or religious feeling comfortable with time and spending meaningful time with the youth. He said that he had less opportunities for detached youth work whilst working with the council. If a young person had a problem they had to come to the centre, only then they could help them. But now they can operate without the use of a centre and can go to the place where young people are, both geographically and developmentally. He gave an example where one young guy (19 yrs) called him and said that he had an interview and was little nervous and asked him to accompany him to the interview. So Roger did accompany that young person which made the young person feel confident. He said that this wouldnt have been possible if he had been with the council. According to Erik Eriksons 8 stages of development youth who are 19-25 yrs wrestle with the Isolation versus Intimacy.[3] This is the stage where they need someone to guide, comfort and build a relationship with them. Stresses and Strains In his work there are few stresses and strains which they are trying to work out. He says the main issue is the ever changing staff team with in the youth team. People who come to help as volunteers or those who come on placement stick with the youth club for 6-12 months and then they move to a different place. He says that this is where the whole problem lies with maintaining continued relationships with the youth. Suddenly that person moves out and a new staff member who works with a different approach or method takes more time to build that same relationship with the youth and because of that there is no consistency. They currently get close to 40-60 kids during a Friday youth club and low staff resourcing is a problem in supervising these kids. Another issue he raised was that of finances. They have enough projects and plans for the local youth, but they lack funds to run these projects. Also he says that since its a church setting, for effective discipleship of youngsters the church needs to come and help the youth groups on a random basis supporting the youth worker. Skills for Practice Roger is a trained professional in the area of youth work. He did few former roles like youth worker and probationer office with the local council. His role as a youth worker with the church is twofold. The first task according to his priority is working with the unchurched youth of the community contributing to their growth and development and the second aspect being discipling and nurturing the youth of the church. He often keeps himself updated with some of the books written by youth and community workers. He said that the book Joined Up: An Introduction to Youth Work and Ministry'[4] with itsfour core values of youth work: voluntary participation, empowerment, equality of opportunity and informal education were very helpful and gave a great insight in understanding the youth work within the church and outside the church. He used to draw his skill for his youth work from the national occupational standards of the National Youth Agency when he started working with the youth. However now he draws his expertise from various available sources. He subscribes to the major youth work magazines and draws the latest news and developments from them. Sometimes he does take the Sunday Bible studies for the youth from the Youth Work magazine and basically he goes by the current trend of the youth compared to the prescribed theory within the youth work. Theory to Practice The challenging part of the youth work is executing the theory into practice. When I asked him for a live example he shared with me the story of a young person whose name is Allan and he was aged 13.[5] Allan was attending behavioural school and was in trouble with the police for couple of times. His mother is in recovery from drugs and his father lives somewhere else. There were complaints from his neighbours and went through isolation in the school. The whole idea in working with this young person was to gain his trust and to give him responsibility and contact with other young people to develop social skills with his peers. Josh McDowell, says that teens that are vulnerable to rejection and peer persecution come from homes of broken families and its is not important to minimize their pain but to give them a chance to express themselves without reproach in a loving relationship.[6] Since they need a chance to express themselves in a loving relationship, Allan was asked to help in t uck shop and rewarded him with a voucher to spend. He also helped as a leader during juniors youth club. Roger did school visits with Allan and his mum to look around the school and to meet the staff and pupils. With a bit of regular counselling there is a change in Allan today.[7] In his practice he says that reflection plays a vital role and he often reflects on this practise and develops his youth work as the situation demands. He also made an important comment saying that theory doesnt work always. We need to go out of the box especially when working with the teenagers. In his words Theory is nothing but suggested practice, but suggested practice is not always the right one. So always go according to the situation and create the theory. Case Study Rebellion In my youth group I have this guy whose name Ill keep it anonymous and for the purpose of this essay we shall call him Joe. Joe comes to the youth Bible study that I lead every Thursday. He comes to that group not because he likes it, but only because his best mate comes to this group and partly also because he gets a tuck of crisps and a drink. The main issue as I categorize it with Joe was Rebellion. Especially with teenagers the word rebellion sounds synonymous with them. We will be looking at this in more depth with the PARC steps of Theory-Practice model. Practice Joe, who is 14 years old lives with his both parents and has an elder sister who is four years older than him. Both his parents are Christian and are actively involved in the church activities. His sister sometimes comes to the various youth groups and often helps the staff team in supervising the groups. Joe is an average student at school and is brilliant at sports, especially football and cricket. He plays for his school and also in some different leagues. If I organise any cricket match within the church, he is my key player of my team. Joes mum loves him very much and wants him to be a good Christian but Joe thinks that his mom is asking something impossible from him. I have heard Joe couple of times saying, Im not a Christian, just because of my mum I come to church, I dont believe in God, He doesnt talk anyways, My dad never keeps his promises, last night he said that he would watch a football match with me and he didnt turn up, My sister is in her own world. There is a lot of confusion and agitation going inside of Joe, which is ultimately resulting in his rebellion against his family. Key point to be noted here is that his rebellion is mainly seen on his spiritual side though it has its effects on his physical and social aspects. Analysis From his background we can clearly see that his problem is mainly coming through his own family. Joe is in his key transitioning period of moving from dependency to independence. He is going through a lot of changes like biological, cognitive, psychological and spiritual and all of these changes in one way or the other are contributing to his discomfort and rebellion. Childhood experiences, environmental stresses and hazards can also influence his problem during this stage, but in my view these dont explicitly affect him.[8] In his situation we can the main causes of rebellion are due to: Poor relationship with his family: I agree with Josh McDowell where he says when parents try to lay down rules without first establishing a real relationship with their kids, they sow seeds of rebellion.[9] In Joes situation that was the exact problem. Though he doesnt show an outward rebellion directly he is growing an inward rebellion which is very unhealthy for his personal development. His poor relationship with his sister adds to his predicament. Discipline method: On the Sunday morning Joes mum asks him if he is coming to the Church and his usual reply is NO and then carries on sleeping. I think Joes parents are too lenient on their methods of discipline with Joe. Proverbs 22:6 says that parents should train a child in the way he should go. I am not saying that they have to be threatening or smacking him and make him come to church but the lack of strict discipline from his childhood and being lenient on him is one of the causes. Anger and Frustration: Olson tells that rebellious behaviour is caused by aggressive impulses that are turned inward.[10] In Joe we see that he is frustrated with God and at times is angry with his mum and dad. This Anger is being suppressed and hence leading to a rebellious nature in Joe. When we look at this rebellious nature in Joe, the main person who is being affected is his mother. Every time I ask her about Joe, she looks very concerned and worried. Whenever she talks about him, her eyes are filled with tears and sometimes have sleepless nights. I dont know about Joe, but his mother looks like she is going through depression and there is this anxiety and fear in her about her child. Comparatively his mother is getting affected by his rebellion than himself. Relating Theory Olson cautions that counselling rebellious and delinquent youth is a very difficult, slow and often frustrating task and success might be marginal at best.[11] From a biblical perspective Bible is very straight forward to kids who are rebellious. Deuteronomy 27:16 says that cursed is the man who dishonours his father or mother. God gives a lot of importance in honouring ones parents. The fifth commandment is to honour ones parents. Proverbs 10:1 says a wise son brings joy to his father,but a foolish son grief to his mother. There is a very harsh Old Testament law which talks about a rebellious son. Deuteronomy 21:18-21 says, If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who does not obey his father and mother and will not listen to them when they discipline him,then all the men of his town shall stone him to death. Joes situation is not as bad as the above passage therefore a clear biblical and psychological counselling is sufficient to solve his problem. I am currently working on Joes case. I lead the Junior Pathfinders group on Thursday evenings. I asked the group to come up with all kinds of questions that they face regularly at school or in the community so that I can prepare Bible studies exclusively addressing those questions. Joe came up with few questions like, Why should I be a Christian in the first place?, Can I really feel God?, These are tough and genuine questions for a young person and I thought it was right to address these first and we looked at one question each week, looking at its consequences and how to deal with them both biblically and in practice. On a psychological level, Josh McDowell gives a good pattern to deal with this problem and that is in the form of an acrostic LEADER.[12] It goes in this order: Listen: Rebellious teenagers often expect criticisms or Bible verses. Listen with the eyes as well as with the ears and understand where they are coming from. Empathize: Reflecting and trying to see the things through the eyes of the young person. Affirm: Affirming the honesty to come and talk with you and the goodness within that teen. Direct: Here we outline a structure of direction working towards a negotiated agreement and long term plans in dealing with their rebellious nature. Enlist: The teenager must be convinced that rebellion is not the best way to respond by which he slowly eliminates that character. This is cognitive strategy. Refer: In extreme cases where it cannot be handled, then he has to be referred to the respective more qualified counsellor with their parents consent. Overall his parents also need counselling. The two essential dimensions of parenting are relationship (support) and empowerment (guidance).[13] Their relationship with Joe needs to be first set right before going on to the empowerment. They need to start fulfilling their promises and need to make a full effort not to disappoint him in the future with their promises. Change There are many things that could have been done. In this case Joes sister can come into picture and can be a lot of emotional help and someone with whom he can identify with in his family. Since his mates at the youth group are his main interest in coming to the group, his friends can help him to overcome this rebellion with encouragement and support. Once happened can always potentially take place again, so in case of a future similar rebellious behaviour we need to quickly assess the root of the rebellion and start working from there till the problem is resolved. Conclusion Developmental psychology is an endless fascinating topic especially because teens of similar ages develop at different rates according to their cognitive capabilities and social status. Anyone who decides to work on any developmental issues one has to clearly understand the underlying cause and effects according to the age of the person. Methodology and techniques are consonant with the work of the Spirit and therefore its very imperative that as Christians we need to depend on the Spirit as much as we depend on our methods in counselling. Appendix 1 Robbie-20 Years Background: Low attendance at school. Biological father with drink problems. Step dad smoking cannabis. Mum holding down three part time jobs. Robbie in bottom sets in all of his classes. Bullied by others living on the same housing estate. Once having to go to A and E because of injuries sustained. Grandparents supportive and positive influence. Spending long periods of time at home in fear of going out alone. Priorities: To build up Robbies confidence and self esteem. No exams being taken in year 11. Need to find alternative qualifications. Get him involved in a hobby or sport. Support mum with time management with multiple jobs and siblings. Obtain and pass information to step dad with regards to the effects of smoking cannabis and the legal implications. Action: Get Robbie involved in setting up and helping at youth club. Sign him for local football team and to attend training one night a week. Offer to the school an extended work experience placement. Complete an Asdan award scheme. Attend a youth world cup competition in Sweden, 1500 teams from all over the world. Raise money for trip by sponsored walk and car washing. Secure some private coaching from ex professional goal keeper to increase Robbies ability and confidence. Support application for training courses later to support application to join the Army. Currently after sustaining an injury waiting to re- apply in June 2010. Elliot-19 Years Background: Mum and dad living together but for previous 15 years lots of arguments and living apart for periods of time. Police involved and accusations made by mum towards Elliot and dad but never proven. Mum using two names at different times with different people. At least twice Elliot coming home from school and finding her after she had taken overdoses of tablets and being submitted to hospital. Moved home several times sometimes with dad and sometimes with mum. Elliot was kicked out of home several times whilst living with mum. Attending school outside of the area travelling daily to attend a distance of about thirty miles. Priorities: To stabilize some of Elliots circumstances giving some consistency. Speak with mum and dad to rationalize long term issues. Get him involved with youth club. Help with anger management. Find group to support mums behavior. Build father son relationship. Action: Encourage mum to attend overcomers outreach a twelve step recovery group meeting. Get father and son to attend and help at youth club. Work alongside Elliot to discuss how he feels in certain situations that then turns to anger and methods to deal with that anger. Support Elliot during the times when mum and dad are not together more recently to support an application for Elliot to obtain a place in the YMCA having been kicked out of home December 2009 after an argument with dad and his new girlfriend. Currently no contact with mum. April 2010 help Elliot to move from the YMCA to Fortuna house supported lodgings for around twelve young residents. Support Elliot to secure a place on a full time training course prior to finding a job. Bibliography: Balswick, Judy., and Balswick, Jack., Piper, Boni., Piper, Don, Relationship-Empowerment Parenting, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2003. Boyd, Denise., Bee, Helen, Lifespan Development, 5th (ed.), Pearson, 2009. Britton, Bruce., Youth Workers as Social Workers, in Jeffs, Tony and Smith, Mark, (ed.), Youth Work, London: Macmillan Press, 1987. Brierley, Danny, Joined Up: Introduction to Youth work and ministry, Authentic Media, 2003. Brierley, Peter, Reaching and Keeping Tweenagers, London: Christian Research, 2002. Flannagan, Andy, Distinctive Worship: How a new generation connects with God, Authentic Media, 2004. Geldard, Kathryn., and Geldard, David, Counselling Adolescents, 2nd (ed.), London: SAGE Publications, 2004. Greene, Roberta., and Kropf, Nancy, Human Behavior Theory: A Diversity Framework, 2nd (ed.), AldineTransaction, 2009. McDowell, Josh., and Hostetler, Bob, Josh McDowells Handbook on Counselling Youth, Word Publishing, 1996. Olson, Keith, Counselling Teenagers, Loveland: Group Books, 1984. Denise Boyd Helen Bee, Lifespan Development, 5th (ed.), Pearson, 2009, 3. Bruce Britton, Youth Workers as Social Workers, in Tony Jeffs and Mark Smith, (ed.), Youth Work, London: Macmillan Press, 1987, 25. Roberta Greene, Nancy Kropf, Human Behavior Theory: A Diversity Framework, 2nd (ed.), AldineTransaction, 2009, 84. Danny Brierley, Joined Up: An Introduction to Youth Work and Ministry, Authentic Media, 2002. The name of the young person is changed due to disclosure and privacy reasons. Josh McDowell and Bob Hostetler, Josh McDowells Handbook on Counselling Youth, Word Publishing, 1996, 162-163. During my interview Roger shared couple of more examples. Listing those examples are not under the scope of this essay. Please see appendix 1 for a detailed description. Kathryn and David Geldard, Counselling Adolescents, 2nd (ed.), London: SAGE Publications, 2004, 16. McDowell and Hostetler, Youth, 235. Keith Olson, Counselling Teenagers, Loveland: Group Books, 1984, 476. Keith Olson, Counselling Teenagers, Loveland: Group Books, 1984, 480. McDowell and Hostetler, Youth, 239-241. Judy Jack Balswick and Boni Don Piper, Relationship-Empowerment Parenting, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 2003, 18.

Essays --

BC, which also won the Pulitzer Prize in 1979, is one of the plays which he dedicated to his father Sam, who was in the military during World War II in Shepard’s early childhood years. Samuel Shepard Rogers III, born November 5th 1943 in Fort Sheridan, Illinois, is the oldest of three children. He was nicknamed Steve, since his name came down through seven generations of men. He then changed his name into Sam Shepard. (Sparr, 6) His play has been influenced by his personal life, especially by his father. In his play, the men are all alcoholics and bound to the darker side. Shepard lived in a family filled with aggression, where the men around him were mostly violent alcoholics. (Lahr, 27) Alcoholism goes far back in his life, to the point where he cannot remember one single sober man . (Howe, 14) Thinking about his father, he believes that he owes his father a large part of his identity and his damage. Shepard remembers that his father lost his farm in Duarte, after he starte d drinking, in order to forget his ruined life. (Lahr, 30) This can be put into comparison with Dodge not bei...

American medical care Essay

These early immigrants survived the harsh times and difficult American climate as well as the wilderness on primitive basic instincts. The early settlements were often ravaged by starvation and disease. During the colonial era, doctors’ education was informal. Most were literate, but some who were raised outside of New England were not. A man who wanted to practice medicine did not need any type of certification. Most did have a period of apprenticeship with an established physician, but even this was not a requirement. Up until the late 19th century, very few doctors had a college education. Medical facilities were unofficial. Most patients were treated in their homes. However, even the smallest towns had poorhouses, where needy people could live and receive limited medical care. The few hospitals that opened in North America during the colonial period were opened in places like Quebec and New Orleans. Public health was unknown in North America at this time. Towns and cities did not have boards of health except during times of epidemics. Because most places did not have public water or sewer systems, most Americans got their water from pumps and used outhouses until well into the 19th century. There was no trash collection so the streets became a breeding ground for all types of disease. There were a few attempts to influence public health. For example, when smallpox vaccinations were developed in the 18th century, many small town doctors had groups of people that had to stay quarantined for a few days to make sure they only developed a mild case of smallpox. Cures may have killed more people than the diseases themselves. The public developed a very skeptical attitude towards regular doctors. In the early 19th century, the do it yourself attitude of many Americans was popular. These people freely gave medical advice, emphasized the participant of the patient in his or her own treatment. However, other â€Å"medical treatments† were available also. Probably snake oil is best remembered. Andrew Taylor Still started the practice of osteopathy. Osteopathy incorporated bodily manipulations, similar to those seen in modern chiropractics. In osteopathy, these manipulations affected the magnetic flow of energy in the body. Osteopathy discouraged use of medicines, but did not forbid them. Another reaction against heroic medicine was homeopathy. A university-trained German doctor named Samuel Hahnemann started it. Heinemann said that doctors were giving their patients too much medicine. He believed that tiny amounts of drugs should be diluted in water before being given to a patient and that practitioners should take very thorough medical histories of each patient. Quackery was a way to fool people into believing they were being cured while making money from them. Quackery had even been licensed in London, but it was completely ignored by the America government for hundreds of years. Hydropathy was another special case. The healing power of water, hydropathy indicated the value of the rest cure, importance of having like-minded people around, the usefulness of light exercise and the fact that women who wore loose-fitting clothing generally felt better and had fewer physical complaints than the ones who did. Another special case is the entire issue of faith-only healing. While empirical evidence in favor of faith-only healing is lacking, anecdotal evidence suggests that some people who pray do experience spontaneous decrease of certain diseases. The late 19th century saw major changes in medicine in the United States. Medicine went from being medieval to incorporating many elements of modern science. The advances in chemistry, and biology had major impacts on medicine. As medical practitioners began to understand that the body was comprised of basic chemicals and not mysterious humors, effective treatments for diseases and injuries were developed. As medicine became more scientific, doctors needed both training and  licensing. In 1847, Dr. Nathan Davis founded the American Medical Association (AMA) in Philadelphia to help create professional standards for doctors and set minimal educational requirements. Medical colleges opened up across the country, increasing requirements from a few months without any college background to a number of years with a college degree. However, these colleges provided an extremely unpredictable level of medical education, with some of them a diploma and others provided a to notch medical education. As American cities exploded in size during the 19th century due to immigration from Europe, public health became more of an issue. With many hundreds of thousands of people living in cities: extremely crowded, unsanitary conditions; tuberculosis was often at epidemic levels in the cities. During the 19th century, people understood that TB was not caused by miasma, but was caused by bacteria. People with TB were sometimes sent out of the city to places in the country, where the cleaner air seemed to help their recovery. It was obvious that people needed clean water for drinking, and bathing. So cities started massive sewer projects to help bring clean water into the cities while removing wastewater from the city. Dead animal remains and garbage littered the street until the late 1800s when cities started sanitation crews to take the trash out of town and dumps to move the waste to. Many cities started dispensaries so the poor could receive treatment and medications for low cost. With the urban population explosion, the â€Å"poorhouses† (probably today’s HMO ‘Urgent Care’) became even larger and harder to manage. With new medical advances, people needed to be in big cities to receive certain types of treatment. Americans began to build hospitals across the country in the 19th century.  The new hospitals were generally cleaner than the old poorhouses.